The Truth About The Creation 
God's Glory, God's Handiwork, God's Word, The Genesis Account
A Dissertation by Pastor Ed Rice January 2017

2: The Age of the Earth

Of old hast thou laid the foundation of the earth:
and the heavens are the work of thy hands (Psalm 102:25).

I have considered the days of old, the years of ancient times.
I will remember the works of the LORD: surely I will
remember thy wonders of old (Psalm 77:5,11).

How old is the Earth? How old is the universe? The Bible believer, holding to the inerrant, infallible Word of God, sides with James Ussher (1581-1656) to contend that the creation of the universe was 4000 years before the birth of the Lord Jesus Christ, that is only 6,0191 years ago. The atheistic evolutionist, believing their creator is Random-Chance, believes, at present, that the world is 4.5 billion years old. There is significant variance between these two possibilities. Many "Christians-so-called" wish to compromise the accuracy of God's Word and give in to "science-so-called”2
Three principle things drive the atheistic evolutionist to contend for a 4.5 billion year old universe: 1) The speed of light in the open space, 2) the age of rocks from radiometric dating, and 3) the need of huge numbers to make their evolutionary hypothesis conceivable, if not perhaps even believable. Keep in mind that they consider their creator to be Random-Chance, and Random-Chance requires billions of years to work out the odds for intelligent life ending up on the Earth. Kent Hovind used to say, “After teaching high school for 20 years I am not sure there is intelligent life on Earth.” Two of these three contentions for billions-not-thousands will be given further evaluation in this effort. The last one, it is clear, is not a "scientific" consideration. The massive effort to take facts “out of their way” to justify the evolutionary hypothesis is a subtle but salient feature of science-so-called. We will expose their bias by considering the misrepresentation of the speed of light, and the misrepresentation of the age of rocks.
It is at first obvious that if light coming from a star that is a hundred and sixty eight thousand light years away might take a hundred and sixty eight thousand years to get here. This would only fail if light traveling through outer space does not follow the same rules as observed for light traveling through our inner space. The space continuum that God created is complex. The time continuum that God created is complex, and so is the matter continuum. We now understand that these three continuums have interconnections and interference patterns, and that the interference has a singularity at thee speed of light. Consequently time warps, for lack of a better word, as boundary conditions for each of the continuums are approached. Gravity warps time, moving through the space continuum warps time, and the time continuum itself is not as linear as we once supposed. All these obscure considerations need to be kept in perspective as we consider how fast does light really travel through outer space? A time warp is indeed a very realistic consideration.
A Time Warp Needs Due Consideration.
To the chief Musician for the sons of Korah, Maschil. We have heard with our ears, O God, our fathers have told us, what work thou didst in their days, in the times of old (Psalm 44:1).
Remember the days of old, consider the years of many generations: ask thy father, and he will shew thee; thy elders, and they will tell thee (Deu 32:7).

Starlight and time connect with the question, “If the universe is so young, how can we see light from stars that are more than 10,000 light-years away?”3 Dr. Russell Humphreys presented papers dealing with just that question at the Creation Science Fellowship of New Mexico. Therein he states, “I hope this paper will help convince some of the doubters that relativity is not an enemy of creationism, but is instead a friend.”4 Dr. Humphreys' 1994 work “Starlight and Time” made necessary baby-steps exploring time dilation.5 What is herein developed on this subject adds needed dimensions to that early explanation. His explanations have introductory clarity but it is essential to go a layer deeper than that early work.
Stephen Hawking lectures the errant time hypothesis well. He says,
"As we look out at the universe, we are looking back in time, because light had to leave distant objects a long time ago to reach us at the present time. This means that the events we observe lie on what is called our past light cone. The point of the cone is at our position, at the present time. As one goes back in time on the diagram, the light cone spreads out too greater distances, and its area increases."6

Professor Hawking goes on to explain that the cone encircling more and more mass causes a focusing of light and time on to a point of beginning. The focusing of light by the accumulation of mass is purposely left very vague by Professor Hawking, but it will be further explored in this work with regards to Albert Einstein's two relativity theories. Hawking supposes that time had a beginning fifteen billion years ago. Even though Professor Hawking argues for a creator and a beginning of time, he is no friend of the Holy Bible and/or its Author, Jehovah God.
The argument that the universe is billions of years old, that is billions, with a "B," was preposterous enough. One can never get such exaggerated numbers from observing the aging processes here on Earth, or even in our observable solar system. Niagara Falls is naturally eroding a canyon. It is moving inland on the continent, moving towards its headwaters in Michigan. Its erosion has gone on for only 4,000 years, that is ever since the world flood receded. The erosion would actually have started after the continental glacier retreated from America. If it had eroded for a mere couple million years, that is million, with an "M," it would be in Cleveland Ohio and Lake Erie would be a very large wheat field today.
If there was no world flood, and the Colorado River had cut out the Grand Canyon all by itself, then the river must have flowed uphill for the first few thousand years of the canyon's formation.78 reaching upward from the canyon floor. They stretch right through millions of years of such a wild hypothesis. By all evidence, the Grand Canyon has not been in formation for millions of years. It could not possibly be substantiated as being in formation for over a thousand million years! A thousand million years is a billion, with a “B.” However, erosion from runoff, which resulted from the continent being completely under water, could produce the Grand Canyon in a rather short period.. Such would also account for those petrified trees. Less-grand canyons which formed completely in one or two years due to volcanic or glacier activity stand to justify this hypothesis. The Grand Canyon forming in only a couple of years supports all the evidence, but it supposes a world flood which atheistic evolutionists refuse to consider. Atheistic evolutionists regularly develop theories against all evidence, because it fits into their preconceived notions about evolution.
Look toward the heavens and see the moon 238,900 miles above. It seems to collects space dust while it is orbiting the Earth. In only 2 million years it might have enough dust collected to sink the Apollo 11 Lunar Lander completely out of sight. Cosmologist Isaac Asimov made this foolish prediction in 1958: “I get a picture, of the first spaceship picking out a nice level place for landing purposes, coming slowly downward tail-first and sinking majestically out of sight.”9 Some of the skeptics, who speculated that the moon was millions of years old, speculated that there would be several feet of space dust accumulated on its surface.10 When Apollo 11 settled its landing pads into the tentative dust bowl, the speculated millions of years of accrued dust was not there. The moon had not orbited the Earth for millions of years. There could be no accounting that it might have been there for a thousand million years!
While thinking on the moon, consider also that the moon is moving away from the Earth at about 1 1/2 inches per year. That means it used to be closer to the Earth. The moon's gravity produces the tides on Earth, and its gravitational pull is proportional to the square of its distance from us. The table below shows that if the Earth and moon existed in this relationship two millions years ago, tides would only be 1/4 inch higher than now. However, if they were around 5 billion years ago, as scientist now hypothesize, tides would be approaching 196 feet, and if 15 billion years, as Professor Hawking suggested, tides would be 15 feet higher still. Obviously, two hundred foot tides wearing down coastlines for 5 billion years would leave this planet very different than is in evidence today. There is no evidence for this kind of drastic tidal activity on our planet. Table 2.1 shows this influence for the various universe ages proposed.
Table 2.1 Maximum tide heights from proposed universe ages. and their demands for millions and millions of years. But of necessity, the many orders of magnitude in difference for these beliefs allows no compromise that can remedy the disparity. One is right, and one is wrong. One is truth, one is error. Even if that were possible, there are unexplained petrified trees

Age of the Moon Source

Moon's age

in years *

Moon's Distance Closer, in miles

Resulting Tides

in Feet **
Bible Numbers 6000 0.14 50.00006'
Science-So-Called 2000000 47.35 50.02' ( 1/4 in. rise)
Grosser Speculation 5000000000 118371 196
Hawking's Speculation 15000000000 355114 211
* Currently the moon is moving away from Earth at 1 ½ inches per year
** Highest tides today are in the Bay of Fundy, Nova Scotia, and reach 50 feet

Further, when considering the moon's present drift away from the Earth, the question must be asked how long has this actually been going on and where did the moon originate. Inquiring minds want to know these things. In Jonathan Henery's article “The Moon's Recession and Age” published in Journal of Creation11 the billions of years birth certificate for the moon is dogmatically shown to be a forgery. His introduction states it,
The history of modern lunar origins theories traces back to George Darwin in the 1800s. Such naturalistic theories have presumed that the moon is extremely old, but all have been plagued by irresolvable difficulties. In addition, the moon is slowly receding from the Earth, a phenomenon which establishes an upper limit for the moon’s age of approximately one-third the conventional age of 4.6 Ga. This issue has been a long-standing challenge to conventional chronology. Use of adjustable tidal parameters presumes conventional age rather than proving it, so is no support for a long chronology.12

Dr. Ed Boudreaux, president of Rocky Mountain Christian Fellowship, who suggested I investigate this article, explains Henry's argument clearly, “In slightly more than 1.3 billion years ago the Moon would have been touching the Earth and within the Roche limit whereby gravity forces would have destroyed the Moon.” The billions of years birth certificate that atheistic evolutionists are trying to propagate is by all evidence a gross forgery.

A Time Warp Substantiates The Age of Planets
Sing unto God, ye kingdoms of the earth; O sing praises unto the Lord; Selah: To him that rideth upon the heavens of heavens, which were of old; lo, he doth send out his voice, and that a mighty voice. Ascribe ye strength unto God: his excellency is over Israel, and his strength is in the clouds. O God, thou art terrible out of thy holy places: the God of Israel is he that giveth strength and power unto his people. Blessed be God (Psalm 68:32-35).

The Bible and the Jewish Calendar say that the Earth and universe were created just over 6,000 years ago. Consider the planets in our solar system. It has been hypothesized that they began as molten cores of magma which cooled, crusted and solidified in to a fractured mantle over a molten core, and that this took some time. We live on just such a fractured mantle, and the depth of this crust can serve as a ticking clock.
The Bible believer is comfortable when these evidences show the Earth to be 6,000 years old, just like God said. The atheistic evolutionists must conceal and ignore massive amounts of local evidence to speculate into the millions of years. They might become boldface liars to pretend that our planet could have existed for billions of years, that is billion, with a "B." Recall that a billion years is a thousand million years!
There are many hypotheses about how the planets formed and a planet cooing from a ball of molten rock is only one such hypothesis. The molten core within our own planet, however lends credence to the concept that all the planets started in such a condition. Even if the ball of dirt was not a completely molten, and only had a molten core, the analysis that follows has reasonable credence. The Bible accounts that our core had an inhabitable crust over it on the third day of creation, but such a circumstance is very tenable for a Bible believer because the LORD God, is God Almighty and need not rely on “natural science” or “natural means.” In general, however, consider how a planet with a molten core might naturally cool over time.
A cold, dead planet has no dynamo-driven magnetic field left. Earth's moon is cooled enough to be cold and dead, that is, it has solidified to its core. So to is the planet Mars. But the planet Earth is not yet solid to the core; neither is Venus. Venus is called Earth's twin because it is approximately the same size and mass. It seems to have volcanic activity and thus still has some molten core. It is not a dead planet like Mars. A planet's cooling and turning into solid rock with no molten core left, is a clock which tells us how long it has been cooling. The clock on Mars has stopped. It is solidified to the core. The clock on Earth is still ticking. Earth is still cooling and will be for a few more thousand years, or for science-so-called a few more million years, or for atheistic evolutionists holding to the big bang and random chance, a few more billion years. The atheistic evolutionist KNOWS that it took Mars 4.5 billion years to cool, because he KNOWS that that is how old this solar system is. Bible believers KNOW that, barring any Supernatural intervention, it took 6,000 years for Mars to cool naturally, because they KNOW that is how old the Universe is. One assumption is wrong.
Consider that the amount of heat loss for a planet will be pretty standard. The time clock might be estimated by a scale model planet constructed from molten rock and hung in a vacuum until it cools and is solid to its core. The time that takes would be proportionally scaled to a planet the size of Mars and that would produce a ballpark age of that planet. Scale that to the planet Earth and one can predict when this planet will be a cold dead planet.
When one presumes that planets have a similar composition and that they began their existence in a similar molten phase, one expects a correlated cooling rate. Understand that how planets began their existence is the controversy addressed in this dissertation as a whole. Creationists have a very different model for this, but in general the molten core of planet cooling slowly over time is generally understood, if not readily accepted. When considering such a cooling down process, the shear magnitude of difference between 15 billion years of cooling and say, 10,000 years of cooling will carry the argument in this instance.
A planet's cooling rate would be proportional to the ratio of its surface area, which radiates the heat, from its volume, which contains the heat. Thus:
SurfArea/Vol = (4 p r2)/(4/3 p r3) = 3 / r
Where r is the radius of the planet.
Thus, the larger the planet the slower it would solidify. The cooling of a planet would not be a linear process because as more crust accumulates above the mantle, the more slowly the core heat would radiate out. But the process would be very similar for Mars, Earth, and our molten rock scale model hung in a vacuum. Also the density of each planet might differ slightly from our molten rock model so only a ballpark figure will be obtained in this experiment. Barring the resources to suspend a 1 meter radius ball of molten rock in a vacuum until it solidified, consider the possible outcomes.
Take the following multiple choice test. Choose the most logical answer (A meter is about a yard long, for engineers 1.094 yards or 39.384 inches):
A molten rock ball of 1 meter radius has been formed to simulate the cooling of a planet. How long would one expect to wait until the molten rock is solid to the core?
A. 1,472 years B. Over 14 months C. 26 hours D. 15.5 hours

If one answered A, “1,472 years,” one corresponds very closely to what science-so-called wanted us to believe about the cooling of the planet Mars taking 5 billion years.
If one answered B, “Over 14 months,” one corresponds very closely to what was thought before the Hubble Telescope, when science-so-called wanted us to believe that the cooling of the planet Mars took 4 million years.
If one answered C, “26 hours,” one is beginning to correspond to reality and is lining up with what the young Earth enthusiasts think about the cooling of the planet Mars in under 10,000 years.
If one answered D, “15.5 hours,” a very realistic number, one corresponds to what the Bible believer would hold to when he believes what God revealed about dates, times and creation as recorded in the Holy Bible.
The point here is that the planet cooling and its mantle solidifying over a period of 6,000 years of its existence is far more fitting than supposing a one meter molten glob might take thousands of years to solidify.
Steven Hawking's answer must be E, None of the Above. His model has the planet Mars cooling for 15 billion years, which would equate to the scale modeled molten ball cooling for 4,416 years before it is solidified. Think of that, if the Bible prophet Ezekiel, who saw God's mobile throne as a wheel spinning in the middle of a wheel, had hung a molten rock model and let it start cooling, Steven Hawking speculates that it would just this last year have solidified to its core! Get real Steven.
With no molten rock ball suspended in a vacuum, a better comprehension of the planet cooling model can come from a molten ball of glass cooling and solidifying. I undertook a trip to the Corning Museum of Glass and spoke with several workers of molten glass. The most senior of them, one Len LaBarr had spent over 20 years melting and molding glass objects. He spent fifteen years working in the now closed Steuben Glass factory. Mr. LaBarr simply scoffed at the idea that such a molten model, made of glass anyway, would take years or months to solidify. It would be solid to the core in hours at the most. Their glass objects must be cooled very gently in an annealing oven to prevent them from fracture. If they were left in a room temperature environment they would fracture and be solidified in mere minutes. "A one meter diameter ball of glass would be solidified and cooled within 24 hours," said Mr. LaBarr.
The contrast between the atheistic evolutionist, who thinks Mars cooled over fifteen billion years, and the Bible believer, is likened to the one who thinks a two inch paper weight would take thirty seven years to cool, and the realist who thinks it would solidify in a half hour. It is likened to the "scientist" who thinks a basket ball sized rock, nine inches in diameter, might take 168 years to solidify, vs the realist who expects it solidified and cooled in three hours. It is likened to the atheistic big bang believer thinking a one meter rock solidifying would take over 4 thousand years, vs the realistic scientist expecting it solidified within twenty-four hours.
Mars did not cool and become a dead planet over 15 billion years, nor did it take a million years. If physics and thermodynamics are true in our solar system, Mars and other dead planets have been cooling for less than 10,000 years, Earth will be a dead planet in the next ten thousand years, and the largest planet, Jupiter will cool to its core in 123 thousand years. The atheistic evolutionist, holding to a 15 billion year old solar system, must expect Earth to keep cooling for all of twenty-eight billion years, and Jupiter to be cooling for 309 billion years. The atheists' expectations are off by several orders of magnitude. Our solar system cannot be more than thousands of years old.
The tables with the data for this analysis are shown below.
Table 2.2 Cooling of Planet Times Based on Age of Solar System Estimates



Age =

5 billion

Age =

4million

Age =

10,000

Age =

6,000

k =age*r/3 = 4,415,661 3,533 8.831 5.299

km Years to cool Years to cool Years to cool Years to cool
rMars = 3,397 km 3397 5,000,000,000 4,000,000 10,000 6,000
rEarth = 6,378 km 6378 9,387,695,025 7,510,156 18,775 11,265
rMoon = 1,738 km 1738 2,558,139,535 2,046,512 5,116 3,070
rMoltenRock = 1.0 m 0.001 km
or 1 m 		1,472 years 14.13 months 25.79 hours 15.47 hours
rBball = 4.5 inches 0.0001143
or 4.5 in. 		168 years 1.62 months 2.95 hours 1.77 hours
rPaperWeight = 1.0 inch 0.0000254
or 1 in. 		37 years 0.36 months
or 10.92 days 		0.66 hours
or 39.3 min 		0.39 hours
or 23.58 min

Table 2.3 Evolutionist's 15 billion Years vs the Bible Believer's 6 Thousand Years



Age = 15billion

Age =

6,000

k =age*r/3 = 13,246,983 5.299

km Years to cool Years to cool
rMars = 3,397 km 3397 15,000,000,000 6,000
rEarth = 6,378 km 6378 28,163,085,075 11,265
rMoon = 1,738 km 1738 7,674,418,605 3,070
rMoltenRock = 1.0 m 0.001 km
or 1 m 		4,416 15.47 hours
rBball = 4.5 inches 0.0001143
or 4.5 in. 		505 1.77 hours
rPaperWeight = 1.0 inch 0.0000254
or 1 in. 		112 0.39 hours
or 23.58 min

Table 2.4 Planet Cooling Times for various age of Earth hypothesis
Using Mars cooled to its core in x years, and with a cooling rate proportional to surface-area/volume =
(4 π r2)/(4/3 π r3) = 3 / r. These planets will similarly cool and die in y years.

Body

r km13

Mass (Me)

Density
g/cm3

Age = 15billion

4million

10000

6000



k =age*r/3 = 13,276,294 3,540 8.851 5.311
Jupiter 69911 317.83 1.33 309,386,340,168 82,503,024 206,258 123,755
Saturn 58232 182.9 1.32 257,701,725,918 68,720,460 171,801 103,081
Uranus 25362 14.536 1.3 112,237,793,185 29,930,078 74,825 44,895
Neptune 24622 17.147 1.76 108,962,973,890 29,056,793 72,642 43,585
Earth 6371 1 5.515 28,194,423,956 7,518,513 18,796 11,278
Venus 6052 0.09 5.5 26,782,711,314 7,142,056 17,855 10,713
Mars 3389.5 0.107 3.94 15,000,000,000 4,000,000 10,000 6,000
Jupiter III 2634 0.0248 1.936 11,656,586,517 3,108,423 7,771 4,663
Saturn VI 2576 0.04 3 11,399,911,491 3,039,976 7,600 4,560
Mercury 2440 0.0553 5.43 10,798,052,810 2,879,481 7,199 4,319
Jupiter IV 2410 0.018 1.83 10,665,289,866 2,844,077 7,110 4,266
Jupiter I 1821 0.015 3.528 8,058,710,724 2,148,990 5,372 3,223
Earth I 1737 0.0123 3.3464 7,686,974,480 2,049,860 5,125 3,075
Jupiter II 1560 0.00803 3.01 6,903,673,108 1,840,979 4,602 2,761
Neptune I 1353 0.00359 2.061 5,987,608,792 1,596,696 3,992 2,395
Dwarf 1184 0.0022 2 5,239,710,872 1,397,256 3,493 2,096
Uranus III 788 0.00059 1.72 3,487,240,006 929,931 2,325 1,395
Saturn V 764 0.00039 1.23 3,381,029,650 901,608 2,254 1,352
Uranus IV 761 0.0005 1.63 3,367,753,356 898,068 2,245 1,347
Saturn VIII 735 0.00033 1.08 3,252,692,137 867,385 2,168 1,301
Pluto I 604 0.00025 1.65 2,672,960,614 712,789 1,782 1,069
Uranus II 585 0.0002 1.4 2,588,877,416 690,367 1,726 1,036
Uranus I 578 0.00022 1.67 2,557,899,395 682,107 1,705 1,023
Saturn IV 561 0.000183 1.48 2,482,667,060 662,045 1,655 993
Saturn III 531 0.000103 1.48 2,349,904,116 626,641 1,567 940
Dwarf 476.2 0.000159 2.08 2,107,390,471 561,971 1,405 843

The Bible believer holds to Supernatural events happening in creation, and throughout the Earth's existence. Therefore, one need not wait around for natural cooling to make our planet habitable. Believing God's record to be exactly true as stated, one understands that just three days after Earth's creation, it was being occupied by plant life, and two days after that, God created animals. Whether one believes that or not is a matter of faith and trust. But to believe that the Earth has been in existence for 15 billion years necessitates that one disregard or fudge over all the evidence in our existing solar system. The majority has chosen to follow and believe those huge numbers, but a majority does not determine truth.
A Time Warp Is In Evidence
The only evidence of a billion year old Earth is derived from the constant speed of light passing through an immense universe. This makes a notable contradiction to all other observed phenomena. This is a contradiction which will not be broached by any scientist wishing to maintain his "political correctness." Despite the contradiction, and all the evidence in our own solar system, many Bible believers have remained intimidated by the overwhelming majority opinion of these atheistic evolutionists. The options to be considered in this contradiction are A) the observations inside of our own solar system give the best indication for our age, i.e. the things we can observe on Earth and surmise from our closest planets, and B) the light emanating from distant galaxies and traversing across the universe to our galaxy gives the best indication of our age. Option A gives an age of less than 10,000 years. Option B gives an age of three to five plus billion years. The latter estimate increases by millions with every larger telescope, space probe, or "scientific" hypothesis. The former option settles in very comfortably with an exact rendering of the Word of God, and his 6,000 year old accounting.
The Bible believing scientist, who holds a written creation record in his hand, and has God's Word on it, holds staunchly to option A. The atheistic evolutionist, who believes the universe came into being by random chance, believes in spontaneous generation of life, and believes that inbreeding lizards could produce a bald eagle, he staunchly holds onto Option B. To say that one of these positions is bias and the other is not, is naive. To try to stand in the middle of the road and believe a little of each side is even more naive. To assert that all those scientists, PhDs, Journals and public media outlets are pursuing the wrong option may be militant, but it is the only option for the Bible believer. An introductory review of some of Albert Einstein's works will ensure that the believed Bible truths are sound, and that God meant what he said, and said what he meant.
There is an ongoing struggle to demonstrate or explain exactly how time dilation, time warp, or speed of light travel could account for the time factor when light travels over and beyond a six-thousand light-year distance. This dissertation is meant to open the vista's so that the Bible believer can see those possibilities more clearly. Our own galaxy appears to be over 100,000 light years in diameter. Millions of other galaxies populate God's universe. The argument perpetuated here is that the speed of light traversing a vacuum at a constant rate of travel is far to simplistic a view of God's universe. There are dimensions not seen, there are boundaries where things change, there are time warps and relativity considerations that can cause the Bible believer to hold tenaciously to the exact detail of God's accounting and keep an ever skeptical eye on man's deviant explanations. The spirit of this effort is to expose the believer to some profound possibilities contained in genuine science. Remember, “The secret things belong unto the LORD our God: but those things which are revealed belong unto us and to our children for ever, that we may do all the words of this law” (Deut 29:29).
1 The 6,019, allows AD 2016 plus Ussher's 4004 years BC, less 1 year because there is no zero BC in the Julian Calendar.
2 This title is derived from 1Timothy 6:20 "O Timothy, keep that which is committed to thy trust, avoiding profane and vain babblings, and oppositions of science falsely so called:"
3 Russell Humphreys, Starlight and Time: Solving the Puzzle of Distant Starlight in a Young Universe (Master Books, Inc., 1994), 9.
4 Ibid., 84.
5 Bill Browning of Rocky Mountain Creation Fellowship contends, “Dr. Humphrey’s model has advanced at least two more generations since the white hole cosmology of “Starlight and Time.” (the changes are enormous) One of the problems with “Starlight &Time” was that there was not enough time dilation to cover the distant stars, so it predicted that stars would be still reporting in, which is not observed. His new cosmology (2008, 2014) posits a fourth space dimension, with enough initial water mass to actually cause time to stand still on earth! ... You can read about Humphrey’s latest in RMCF newsletter, Oct./Nov. 2014 and the TJ Vol 2014(3).”
6 Stephen Hawking, The Beginning of Time: Public Lectures, www.hawking.org.uk/lectures.html (accessed 04/14/2014), 81, 12 - 16, 30.
7 Kent Hovind, Creations Seminar, “Evidence of the Flood,” http://www.truthingenesis.com/creation-seminar-by-dr-kent-hovind (accessed 02/02/2016).
8 These are called “polystrate fossiles,” and the Institute for Creation Research says , “Years ago, National Geographic published a remarkable photograph of a polystrate fossil, a fossilized tree that extended stratigraphically upward through several layers of rock in Tennessee. Its roots were in a coal seam, and the overlying deposits included bedded shale and thin carbon-rich layers. An advocate of any form of uniformitarianism would believe that it took many, many years to deposit this sequence of layers (much longer than it takes for a tree to grow and eventually die and decay), yet one vertical fossil extends through them all. This one fossilized tree offered a direct contradiction to the evolutionary mantra that "the present is the key to the past." ” Morris, J. 2009. “A Classic Polystrate Fossil”. Acts & Facts. 38 (10): 15, http://www.icr.org/article/classic-polystrate-fossil/ (accessed 02/02/2016).
9 Isaac Asimov (1959), “Free Christian Teaching TV,” Science Digest, Jan., 1959, http://www.fct.ee-web.co.uk (accessed 5 Oct 2015), 36.
10 Actual scientists, and NASA scientists in particular never considered the moon dust speculations feasible. “Moon-Dust Argument No Longer Useful” Originally published in Creation 15, no 4 (September 1993): 22, https://answersingenesis.org/kids/astronomy/moon-dust-argument-no-longer-useful/ (accessed 02/02/2016).
11 Jonathan Henry, “The Moon's Recession and Age” Journal of Creation 20(2):65–70 (August 2006), http://creation.com/the-moons-recession-and-age (accessed 6/4/2016).
12 Ibid. 65.
13 Planet Facts.org, “Size of Planets in Order”, http://planetfacts.org/size-of-planets-in-order/ (accessed Aug 2014).


To Continue in this series click the link below:
3: A Time Warp Was Conceived by Albert Einstein. . . 47 www.truthaboutthechrist.com/thetruthaboutthecreation/3time_warp.html
. . . Enter Albert Einstein's General Theory of Relativity.. . . 47
. . . A Bounded Universe Causes Even Greater Time Warps. . . 52
. . . Einstein's Mainstay E = mc2 And Its Boundary Conditions. . . 55

God's Glory, God's Handiwork, God's Word, The Genesis Account
Series Complete Table of Contents